Core grammar for higher education − 4e druk 2017
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A
1 has been raised, 2 have been paid, 3 has been appointed, 4 has been put, 5 has been discovered
B
1 had been stolen, 3 had been postponed, 4 had been killed
C
1 The leaflets have already been sent / have been sent already.
2 They had left earlier.
3 The car has been stolen.
4 The letters had already been sent / had been sent already.
5 The economic situation has become worse. / has deteriorated.
6 We would be invited.
7 The car had been stolen.
8 They have started / begun the negotiations.
9 They have been invited.
10 She was dismissed / fired / sacked last week. / Last week she …
D
1 will be signed, 2 had been delivered, 3 had been sent, 4 will not be used, 5 was elected / chosen, 6 will be sent, 7 has been carried out / executed, 8 are replaced, 9 has been received, 10 have been checked
E
1 The thief has been arrested by the police.
2 He had been promised a company car. / A company car had been promised to him.
3 A new drug has been developed by the R&D department.
4 Staff who perform well will be given extra payments by the management. / Extra payments will be given by the management to staff who perform well.
5 The press would be given more information by the minister at the press conference. / More information would be given to the press by the minister at the press conference.
6 Their annual meeting is always held in May.
7 I have been given a 10 per cent discount by the salesman. / A ten per cent discount has been given to me by the salesman.
F
1 De klant werd geholpen door een verkoopster. / winkelmeisje.
2 De vrachwagens waren gestolen in Italië.
3 Deze mooie maskers worden gemaakt door Venetiaanse kunstenaars.
4 Alle vluchten zijn geannuleerd.
5 Deze software wordt gebruikt door de meeste reisbureaus.
6 De goederen werden verzonden / verscheept naar Zuid-Afrika.
G
1 They expect, 2 They say / People say, 3 One / You, 4 they / people, 5 One needs / You
H
1 you / one, 2 they, 3 you , 4 it was / they decided, 4 they, 5 one / you
I
1 I have been invited for a job interview.
2 Many / A lot of business contacts had been invited to / for the opening.
3 The book has been published / was published in London.
4 More information will be given.
5 He had passed his driving test.
6 One / You should never borrow money to (in order to) buy / for buying shares.
7 The brochure has been designed by an advertising agency. / … was designed …
8 We were advised to book a hotel in time. / They advised us to …
9 Two illegal immigrants were found / have been found in a container. / They (have) found two …
10 The technical problems have been solved.
11 A lot of / Much money has been invested in research.
12 They promised (that) the books would be sent tomorrow.
13 They / People say (that) he has laundered / laundered black money. / He is said to have laundered black money. / It is said (that) he …
14 These two companies merged last year. / Last year these …
15 The new table will be delivered next week. / Next week …
16 They decided / It was decided to postpone the takeover.
17 He was offered a bribe. / They offered a bribe to him. / They offered him …
18 Yesterday the reservation had not yet been confirmed. / … not been confirmed yet.
19 Stricter security measures will be taken.
20 This bridge was built in 2004.
21 It is feared / They fear (that) all (the) passengers are dead. / All (the) passengers are feared (to be) dead.
J
1 is, 2 is, 3 be, 4 was established, 5 is spoken, 6 has been attacked, 7 are made, 5 will be announced
K
1 correct
2 worden gedrukt. ‘are printed’ is the present tense of the passive. (zijn gedrukt = have been printed).
3 The match has been cancelled. ‘is afgelast’ is the present perfect of the passive.
4 correct
5 A mistake has been made. English has no passive structure with ‘there’. In English you start with the subject (mistake).
6 The books will be delivered … . The present future should be used here because of ‘morgen’.
7 Ze werden uitgenodigd … . ‘were invited’ is the past tense of the passive. (waren uitgenodigd = had been invited).
8 The bikes had been stolen. ‘waren gestolen’ is the past perfect of the passive. (were stolen = werden gestolen).
9 correct
10 One should never … . ‘One’ should be used because the speaker is included.
11 The book was published … . The past tense should be used because there is an indication of past time (vorige maand/last month).
12 The pickpocket werd gearresteerd. ‘was arrested’ is the past tense of the passive. (was gearresteerd = had been arrested).